Limiting the Number of Shared Server Processes

The MAX_SHARED_SERVERS initialization parameter specifies the maximum number of shared servers that can be automatically created by PMON. It has no default value.

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If no value is specified, then PMON starts as many shared servers as is required by the load, subject to these limitations:

• The process limit (set by the PROCESSES initialization parameter)

• A minimum number of free process slots (at least one-eighth of the total process slots, or two slots if PROCESSES is set to less than 24)

• System resources

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To limit the number of shared server processes:

• Set the MAX_SHARED_SERVERS initialization parameter.

The value of SHARED_SERVERS overrides the value of MAX_SHARED_SERVERS. Therefore, you can force PMON to start more shared servers than the MAX_SHARED_SERVERS value by setting SHARED_SERVERS to a value higher than MAX_SHARED_SERVERS. You can subsequently place a new upper limit on the number of shared servers by dynamically altering the MAX_SHARED_SERVERS to a value higher than SHARED_SERVERS.

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The primary reason to limit the number of shared servers is to reserve resources, such as memory and CPU time, for other processes. For example, consider the case of the telemarketing center discussed previously:

The DBA wants to reserve two thirds of the resources for batch jobs at night. He sets MAX_SHARED_SERVERS to less than one third of the maximum number of processes (PROCESSES). By doing so, the DBA ensures that even if all agents happen to access the database at the same time, batch jobs can connect to dedicated servers without having to wait for the shared servers to be brought down after processing agents' requests.

Another reason to limit the number of shared servers is to prevent the concurrent run of too many server processes from slowing down the system due to heavy swapping, although PROCESSES can serve as the upper bound for this rather than MAX_SHARED_SERVERS.

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Still other reasons to limit the number of shared servers are testing, debugging, performance analysis, and tuning. For example, to see how many shared servers are needed to efficiently support a certain user community, you can vary MAX_SHARED_SERVERS from a very small number upward until no delay in response time is noticed by the users.